Bees are essential pollinators that support ecosystem functioning and agricultural productivity, but their populations are increasingly influenced by urbanization. This study investigated bee diversity associated with Tagetes erecta L. along a rural-urban gradient in Rajasthan, India. Surveys were conducted at three sites representing rural (Sandarsar village), semi-urban (Chomu town), and urban (Jaipur city) landscapes within a single agro-climatic region. Bee visitation was recorded during the flowering season using standardized visual census methods, and specimens were collected for identification. Bee diversity was assessed using alpha and beta diversity indices, including Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson’s dominance, Pielou’s evenness, and the Jaccard similarity index. Rank abundance curves were used to assess species dominance patterns, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied to examine the relationship between anthropogenic intensity and bee diversity. Twelve bee species were recorded at all sites, resulting in identical species richness and complete similarity in species composition across the gradient. However, total bee abundance declined from rural to urban sites. Diversity and evenness indices also decreased with increasing urbanization, indicating greater dominance by a few species in urban habitats. Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata, and Apis florea were the most abundant species across all sites, while non-Apis bees were less abundant in urban areas. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a strong negative relationship between anthropogenic intensity and Shannon-Wiener diversity. These results indicate that urbanization affects bee community structure primarily through changes in abundance and dominance rather than species loss.