The densification of GNSS reference networks is a fundamental challenge for the geodetic monitoring of sensitive infrastructures, particularly engineering structures in sub-Saharan areas. 

This study aims to evaluate the reliability and stability of a low-cost GNSS station (INP01) permanently installed in an Ivorian urban environment, and to analyze its impact on the accuracy of differential and absolute positioning. 

A low-cost GNSS station based on a ZED-F9P u-blox receiver connected to an Ardusimple AS-ANT2B-CAL antenna is located in Yamoussoukro. It recorded continuous multi-constellation GNSS observations over a period of 90 days. The data were analyzed in static and PPP modes. 

The INP01 low-cost GNSS permanent base has demonstrated a planimetric stability of less than ±3 mm and a vertical variation of less than ±5 mm in post-processed static from the permanent station of the IGS network, YKRO located only at 221 m. The permanent station of the IGS network called YKRO, indicated a planimetric stability of ±3 mm and a vertical variation of less than ±5 mm in the same observation period. The horizontal accuracy of INP01 is better than ±10 mm, for distances of less than 10 km. This performance meets the geodetic requirements for local monitoring networks of structures in Côte d'Ivoire.

The data from permanent low-cost GNSS stations, installed in an open environment, powered by a stable current and connected to a high-speed internet network after post-processing with software, provide precise and stable coordinates within a radius of indecision of the order of a millimeter. These results reliably contribute to the accurate determination of reference points with sub-centimeter accuracy for base-rover distances of less than 10 km.