This article focused on the system of caste-based reservation in India is an important social policy adopted to remove social injustice and historical deprivations. It originated during British India, when the concept of reservation was first introduced by the Hunter Commission in 1882. In 1901, Shahu Maharaj introduced reservation in the Kolhapur state of Maharashtra, which was the first government order for Dalits and backward classes. After independence, reservation for socially, educationally and economically backward classes got constitutional recognition through provisions like Articles 15(4), 16(4), and 46 in the Indian Constitution. The Supreme Court fixed the maximum limit of reservation at 50% and introduced the concept of 'creamy layer'.

This article focuses on how reservations have played a vital role in social justice. How this policy helps promote social inclusion and equality. This article also highlights its critical aspects, including concerns about eligibility, social divisions, political exploitation, and policy misuse.