In the process of globalization and modern social transformation, how to balance fairness and efficiency is a major challenge posed by the times. The traditional development model centered on the "growth-first" philosophy has achieved unprecedented economic success, yet it has also left behind social issues and drawbacks such as poverty, inequality, and exclusion, demonstrating weaknesses in sustainability and social justice that make it difficult to sustain into new developmental stages. "Inclusive development" has increasingly become a focus of attention among scholars both domestically and internationally, with international organizations and developed countries paying particular attention to this issue and actively engaging in policy and practical initiatives. The situation in China has particularly drawn strong public concern. This article synthesizes the achievements and perspectives of domestic and international scholars on this issue, discussing it from four aspects: value foundation, institutional arrangements, practical mechanisms, and goal orientation. It presents the appearance and characteristics of "inclusive development" as theoretical content and ideological connotation, emphasizing that inclusive development not only focuses on universal participation, equal opportunities, and effective support capabilities during the development process—essentially shared development—but more importantly, safeguards equal rights and development opportunities for all individuals through institutional innovation and improvements in public policies, especially targeting marginalized groups or collectives.