In the context of the world entering a strong digital transformation era, the world economy in general and Vietnam in particular are witnessing profound changes in all fields. Digital transformation is not only an inevitable trend of development but also an important driving force to promote economic growth, improve national competitiveness and social governance efficiency. In response to that requirement, the Communist Party of Vietnam has soon recognized the importance of renewing economic leadership thinking and adapting to the digital age, considering this a task that is both urgent and long-term.From 2020 to now, the implementation of digital transformation has been identified by the Party as one of the key tasks in socio-economic development, clearly demonstrated in the Resolutions, Directives, and Conclusions of the Central Committee, especially Resolution No. 52-NQ/TW (2019) on a number of guidelines and policies to proactively participate in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the National Digital Transformation Program to 2025, with a vision to 2030. Practice shows that this process not only poses many opportunities for the Party's leadership in the economic field but also presents new challenges in terms of leadership, management, and operation methods as well as the issue of ensuring national security and digital sovereignty.