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VOL. 12, ISSUE 10 (2025)
The Adaptive Reciprocity Framework after the 2020 Labor Codes for managing India's tripartite workforce
Authors
Siba Sankar Mishra, Dr Bharati Pujari
Abstract
The proliferation of contract labor in India's industrial sector has
created a complex and contradictory landscape for industrial relations. This
paper proposes the Adaptive Reciprocity Framework to explain how large Indian
corporations strategically manage a balance between their Primary Segment
(through strategic reciprocity) and their Secondary Segment (through controlled
transactions). Using a case study, the paper illustrates how this dual system
delivers economic efficiency while generating social conflict. Critically, the
paper then analyzes the profound impact of India's four new Labor Codes on this
established system. It argues that the Codes, particularly the Code on Wages,
2019, severely diminish the economic advantage of the secondary segment by
raising mandatory compliance costs. The paper concludes by demonstrating that
the formal introduction of Fixed-Term Employment (FTE) necessitates modifying
the Adaptive Reciprocity Framework from a duality to a tripartite structure of
permanent, fixed-term, and contract segments, suggesting a systemic shift
toward compliant flexibility at a higher cost.
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Pages:148-153
How to cite this article:
Siba Sankar Mishra, Dr Bharati Pujari "The Adaptive Reciprocity Framework after the 2020 Labor Codes for managing India's tripartite workforce". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Vol 12, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 148-153
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