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VOL. 12, ISSUE 10 (2025)
Variation of Water Pollution Index due to anthropogenic activity pressure in Lake Tondano
Authors
Treesje K Londa, Jimmy Lolowang, Jeane C Rende, Felly Ferol Warouw
Abstract
Lake Tondano is the largest lake in North
Sulawesi with an area of approximately 44–48 km², and plays an important role
as a source of irrigation water, electricity, floating net fisheries, tourism,
and raw water for the community. Increasing anthropogenic activities in the
surrounding area, including settlements, restaurants, duck farms, agriculture,
and fish farming, can reduce water quality through organic loads, nutrients,
and microbiological contamination. This study aims to analyze water quality in
six representative locations of human activity and assess the Water Pollution
Index (WIP) based on the water quality standards of Government Regulation No.
22 of 2021. Sampling and analysis included in-situ measurements (temperature,
pH, DO, conductivity, clarity, TDS) and laboratory analysis (BOD, Total
Coliform). Sub-indexes for each parameter were converted and calculated using
standard weights to determine the WIP. The measurement results showed a water
temperature variation of 26.8–31°C and a pH variation of 8.03–9.07, relatively
safe for biota. The highest TDS was in fish ponds (261 mg/L), the highest BOD
was in residential areas (3.56 mg/L), and Total Coliform exceeded the quality
standard in most locations (1,600 MPN/100 mL), indicating organic and
microbiological pollution. The IPA calculation based on the quality standard
class showed: all locations were categorized as Very Heavy (IPA > 70) for
Class I; Severe–Very Heavy for Class II; Moderate for Class III; and
Moderate–Severe for Class IV. Residential areas and fish ponds exert the
greatest pressure on water quality, primarily through BOD and Total Coliform.
This study confirms that anthropogenic activities significantly affect the
water quality of Lake Tondano. Domestic and aquaculture waste management,
routine monitoring, and zoning and pollution mitigation strategies are needed
to maintain ecosystem sustainability and public health.
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Pages:123-127
How to cite this article:
Treesje K Londa, Jimmy Lolowang, Jeane C Rende, Felly Ferol Warouw "Variation of Water Pollution Index due to anthropogenic activity pressure in Lake Tondano". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Vol 12, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 123-127
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