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VOL. 12, ISSUE 1 (2025)
Soil washing with Surfactants to remove heavy metals contaminants of Agra District, UP India
Authors
Ravi Prakash, RB Singh
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to remove heavy
metal contaminants (Cr3+, Mn2+,
Fe2+,
Ni2+,
Zn2+,
C2+
and Pb2+)
from soil samples using micellar wash liquids. Five contaminated soil samples
from Kitham, St. John's, Shahganj, Shahadra and Nunhai areas with low,
moderate, high, higher and highest metal concentrations respectively were
collected from top horizons (0-20 cm deep). Three types of the wash liquid were
4 CMC (above critical micelle concentration, CMC) of each of sodium dodecyl
sulfate (SDS), Criton X-100, i.e., iso- octylphenoxy-hexaethoxyethanol (CTX)
and N-cetyl N, N, N-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Total metal content in
the sample (before and after 1, 4, 7 and 10 washings) extracted with 60%
perchloric acid was determined with a Perkin-Elmer AAnalyst 100 AAS. The
micellar enhancement in removal was entirely different for various types of
surfactants as well as different chemical species. However, surfactants were
able to enhance the removal of contaminants 2-3 times greater than filtration
without surfactants. Anionic surfactants removed more cationic contaminants and
vice versa. The order of metal removal by surfactants was SDS > CTX >
CTAB. In case of A and B type soils the order of removal % was Zn > Cr >
Fe > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > Mn. The removal order for C, D and E
with 4 CMC of all the three surfactants was Cr > Fe > Ni > Cu > Pb
> Zn > Cd > Mn. Since SDS had higher removal, it should be preferred
for metal removal from soil or water. Investigations at below and above CMCs
are suggested.
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Pages:12-15
How to cite this article:
Ravi Prakash, RB Singh "Soil washing with Surfactants to remove heavy metals contaminants of Agra District, UP India". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Vol 12, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 12-15
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