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VOL. 11, ISSUE 8 (2024)
Biogenic synthesis of catalysts for the degradation of global emergent pollutants
Authors
Ch. Sudhakar
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) present a critical
threat to global water security and public health due to their persistence, bioaccumulation,
and resistance to conventional wastewater treatment infrastructure. Standard
chemical and physical remediation strategies are frequently constrained by high
operational costs, hazardous chemical requirements, and the secondary
generation of toxic sludge. To address these limitations, the biogenic
synthesis of nanocatalysts has emerged as a sustainable, cost-effective, and
ecologically benign paradigm. This comprehensive review systematically
evaluates the synthesis of metallic, metal oxide, and carbon-based
nanocatalysts utilizing diverse biological matrices including plant extracts, microbial
cultures, and agricultural waste byproducts. We detail the underlying biochemical
mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular reduction, capping, and
stabilization mediated by biomolecules such as polyphenols, proteins, and
polysaccharides. Furthermore, this paper provides a critical analysis of the
catalytic performance of these green nanomaterials in degrading prominent
global emergent pollutants specifically pharmaceuticals, endocrine-disrupting
chemicals, microplastics, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via
advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), photocatalysis, and electrocatalytic
systems. Finally, we address current techno-economic bottlenecks, life cycle
assessment profiles, and the engineering challenges associated with scaling up
biogenic catalytic frameworks from laboratory assays to industrial wastewater
treatment facilities.
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Pages:151-157
How to cite this article:
Ch. Sudhakar "Biogenic synthesis of catalysts for the degradation of global emergent pollutants". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Vol 11, Issue 8, 2024, Pages 151-157
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