Effective waste management and food waste reduction are critical for sustainable development and environmental preservation. This review paper aims to provide a comparative analysis of waste governance models, focusing on the political, institutional, and regulatory factors that contribute to successful waste management. Critical analysis was done for the political factors influencing waste governance, emphasizing the significance of political will and commitment in driving effective waste management strategies. The role of political leadership and policy-making in shaping waste governance models is explored, along with the influence of stakeholder engagement and public participation.