Background: Traditional knowledge refers to the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous peoples. Animals and plants have been a vital source of both curative and preventive medicinal therapy preparations for human beings.

Main body of the abstract: The aim of present review is summarising the traditional uses of vertebrates and their by-products in human and veterinary remedies. Animal species uses as raw and their derived products also used for treating various types of diseases. Different traditional uses of vertebrates and their bi-product by the local peoples in many states of India are used for treating human and animal diseases. For medicinal purposes 40% mammals, 7% birds, 11% reptiles, 8% fishes and 2% amphibians are used in different parts of India. In Kerala, about 69 animal species and their bi-product are used for treating human and veterinary diseases. Similarly, about 69 animals in Theni district Tamil Nadu, 18 in Madhya Pradesh, 25 in Tripura,44 in Assam is used for treating human and veterinary diseases. Thus, the main aim of this review is to summarise the traditional uses of animals and their derived products for medicinal purposes.