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VOL. 9, ISSUE 7 (2022)
Isolation and antimicrobial suscetibilities of Salmonella isolated from wild caught and aquaculture catfish and Tilapia in Zaria
Authors
Tangsom Hyellamada Chama, Jacob K P Kwaga, Paul H Mamman
Abstract
Fish and Fish products have been recognized as major carriers of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella isolated from wild and aquaculture catfish and Tilapia in Zaria. A purposive sampling technique was employed in selection of samples. A total of 150 fish, consisting of 75 catfish and 75 Tilapia were sampled from wild and aquaculture fish. Portions of the gill, skin, and intestine of each fish were pooled and subjected to the conventional microbiological method of isolation and identification of Salmonella, followed by biochemical tests. Microbat 24E was used to confirm isolates that yielded presumptive isolates for conventional biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion techniques on Mueller Hinton agar using standard guidelines according to CLSI (2012). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also employed to detect invA gene in the positive Salmonella isolates. An overall occurrence of 2.7% was recorded out of the 150 fish sampled. Fish from the wild had more positive samples (3%) than from cultured fish (2%). Catfish and Tilapia had equal occurrence rates of 2.7% each. Statistical analyses showed no significant difference in fish sources and species. The isolates were tested to a panel of 14 antibiotics. All Salmonella isolates (100%) showed resistance to at least 9 antibiotics which were cephazolin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim- sulphamethoxazole, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, kanamycin, colistin sulphate and nalidixic acid, while they were susceptible to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and imipenem. Thus all Salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant, which may be attributable to antibiotic residues present in animal and human faecal matter and industrial effluents that are discharged into open water bodies such as dams. Multiple antibiotics resistance indices (MAR) of the four Salmonella isolates were greater than 0.2. All the isolates confirmed as Salmonella by Microbat were positive for invA gene. The result of this study confirms the claim that as more cases of multidrug resistant bacteria are being recorded, consumption of fish could pose health threat to consumers and hence, strong control and mitigation measures be put in place to properly combat the menace of antimicrobial resistance as a global public health threat.
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Pages:93-98
How to cite this article:
Tangsom Hyellamada Chama, Jacob K P Kwaga, Paul H Mamman "Isolation and antimicrobial suscetibilities of <em>Salmonella </em>isolated from wild caught and aquaculture catfish and <em>Tilapia</em> in Zaria". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Vol 9, Issue 7, 2022, Pages 93-98
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