The heartwood of the tree is mainly used for extracting Katha and Cutch (decoction obtained after filtration) which are sold in the market. Katha is commonly used in ayurvedic preparations. Besides this, it serves as one of the major components in masticatory i.e. chewing of betel leaf (pan) in India. A. catechu is a valuable bioresources and has been exploited commercially in tannin and Katha industry for decades. Besides its commercial importance, it is equally significant for the people particularly rural communities living in the vicinity of catechu forests as it is a subsidiary source of income to them. A. catechu has received attention as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites to be used for the formulation of pharmaceutical products. Various parts of plant extracts were known to have strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and immunomodulatory activities. Although several secondary metabolites have been identified from A. catechu, the molecules, catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin, are the principal contributor to therapeutical properties. Nowadays, plant-based secondary metabolites are extensively used in the management of various infectious diseases and achieved clinical benefits in the health care system. The objective of the present study includes the delineation on traditional applications, phytochemistry and pharmacological attributes of various parts of Acacia catechu tree.