Decision making, being an integral part of agricultural production means that this critical component affects farmers’ production overall yield and, ultimately, impact their livelihoods. The basis of these decisions include past experiences, newly presented information, financial pressures, resource availability, risk factors, availability of markets and even imposed regulations. Food security, being a big challenge not only in Kenya, but in Africa and many developing nations is a challenge that needs solving. Understanding what motivates them to farm what they farm is critical in helping them address the challenges they face so as to maximize on output and benefits from their farm. In Embu county low crop production is also often associated with lack of appropriate farming practices and methods that are suited to the fragile ecosystems to cope with climate change challenges. The general objective of the study was to determine factors affecting farmers’ production decisions in Mbeere South in Embu County specifically taking a keen interest in resource availability, farm inputs, market access, and education and training. A sample of 384 respondents was drawn from the sub county encompassing the four administrative wards. The study made use of questionnaires to collect data which was later analysed to get an understanding of the respondent’s opinions on the different variables under study including the effects of resource availability, market access, farm inputs and education and training on farmers’ production decisions. The study analysed both descriptive statistics to define characteristics of the respondents and their opinions on the different variables under study and inferential statistics to understand the extent to which the results reflected a wider population. The study concluded that availability of resources, access to markets, availability and price of farm inputs and education and training had a significant effect on farmers’ production decisions. The study concluded that it was important to increase access to finances, agricultural inputs, markets and education and training so as to improve farm decisions and increase productivity of farmers in rural Mbeere South. The study recommended that there is a need to research on other factors affecting farmers’ production decisions including climate change, culture, farming practices and government policy and regulation.