The main purpose of this study was to investigate the existing practices and community's perception of ABE program in pastoralist districts of Siti zone, Somali Regional State. Descriptive survey with mixed approach that involved both qualitative and quantitative methods was used as a research design. Participants of the study included ABE students, community representatives, teachers/facilitators and education experts. The findings of the study revealed that ABE programs immensely improved access to basic education to pastoralist children. However, the rapid gains in access to education have been accompanied by questions of quality, retention and relevance. The schools in the zone are characterized with high dropout rate, inappropriate time schedule, poor facilities and poorly qualified teachers. The study forwarded recommendations as to how to increase the quality and efficiency of ABE schools so that the ABE programs in the region can meet the intended objectives.