The ubiquitous practice of development as defined in west throughout the world as the ideal model of development based on fossil fuel technology and exploitation of resources has led to the destructive consequences of climate change. Climate change also puts pressure on natural resources that are essential for sustaining hu­man civilization. In the past, resource scarcity was often presented as a critical challenge, but for much of the twentieth century, resource prices actually fell. The combination of rapid economic expansion, continued population growth and a changing climate raises the spectre of resource scarcities. In the medium and long term, it may lead to a strong sus­tainability challenge. There is significant scope for substitution in many areas, yet certain forms of natural capital including the ecological services they provide cannot be replaced by man-made capital. Their exploitation has thus to be limited so as to preserve the overall capacity of ecosystems to provide those services. Land, water and energy in particular are critical resources for humanity, and their availability and use are tightly interconnected, with multiple feedback channels between them. All of them have strong links to agriculture and food production. Large unmet needs at the global level require and will inevitably lead to a further expansion in their use and exploitation. Combined with the additional impact of climate change, this expansion may very well lead to much tighter supplies, and thus to price volatilities and sustained price increases. If scarcities arise and if limits to substitutability are reached, distributional conflicts will have to be addressed at the national and global levels, as well as with respect to purposes of use. In this grim scenario of environmental scarcity of resources the increasing demands for renewable resources like food, energy, water and economic growth for meeting the burgeoning demands for jobs by the teeming million youths at the same time to fulfil the international obligations for reducing emission of carbon dioxide have greatly impacted the environment denying the future generations of their inalienable rights to live on this earth with availability of all natural resources. These challenges lying ahead and already faced by the developing and poor countries have added impetus to the debates and imperatives for sustainable development and rethinking the current western pattern of development based on industrialization and exploitation of natural resources to their depletion without taking account of the basic human needs and rights of not only the present generations but also the future generations. An ethical and moral urge is to limit the inordinate consumption and exorbitant life style for sustainable development. The nature is to be treated not with a rapacious attitude to exploit as a mere storehouse of resources for human consumption. It is to be viewed as a coordinated and co-constitutive aspect of what life is. The moral and ethical limitations on human attitude and definition of life will certainly lead to sustainable development ushering in equality, justice and abolition of growing gap between the rich and poor.