Malnutrition continues to increase the rate of infant mortality in line with current trends in health indicators. It is considered by nutritionists as a manifestation of a pathological condition linked to a problematic nutritional and health environment. The study on malnutrition, conducted in Akyé country, is based on two approaches. One is quantitative and the other qualitative, ethnographic. The results of the field reveal that in the Akyé rural community, malnutrition exists because its prevalence is significant. In this Akyé de Bofanmun community, this pathological state is considered under a much more global dimension of adaptation to cultural values ​​and norms. As for social perception, it refers to several symbolisms in children. The resulting etiological theories show that child malnutrition is associated rather with visual, behavioral and dietary factors.