‘Biodiversity’ is defined as the variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. In the context of environment, the study of all living organisms and their ecological effects is known as ‘biodiversity’. Presently conservation of biodiversity has gained worldwide momentum. Among the environmental issues which need protection on priority basis, the conservation of biodiversity comes to the forefront. In India, one of the most important enactment is passed by the parliament i.e. Biological Diversity Act, 2002, which would be an effective on in conservation of biodiversity of the country, if implemented adequately. Here an attempt has been made to analyse the vital provisions of the Act.