In the development of various large-scale sensor systems, a particularly challenging problem is how to dynamically organize the sensors into a wireless communication network and route sensed information from the field sensors to a target system. Recently, the research focus on energy harvesting routing, a promising routing scheme in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), is shifting toward duty-cycled WSNs in which sensors are sleep scheduled to reduce energy consumption. The prime motivation of our work is to balance the inherent trade-off between the resource consumption and the accuracy of the target tracking in wireless sensor networks. Toward this objective, the study goes through a new energy-efficient dynamic optimization-based sleep scheduling and target prediction technique for large-scale sensor networks. We present Energy efficient prediction based clustering protocol (EEPC) to improve energy efficiency of proactive wake up and also tracking performance. A cluster-based scheme is exploited for optimization-based duty cycled sleep scheduling. At every sampling instant, only one cluster of sensors that located in the proximity of the target is activated, whereas the other sensors are inactive. To activate the most appropriate cluster, we propose a non myopic rule, which is based on not only the target state prediction but also its future tendency. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated and compared with the state-of-the-art protocols in terms of tracking accuracy; inter node communication and computation complexity.